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Confluence Effects
Field name = [EffectProb]
The probability (0-1) that a tributary will have a geomorphic effect in the channel that it enters, including via it’s alluvial or debris fan. The predicted probability is based on Benda et al. 2004b (and see Benda et al. 2004a and Benda et al. 2008). The probability value is mapped across a length of stream that corresponds to a prediction of length of confluence effects (see Figure 2b) and it varies from the full P value at the point in the mainstem closest to the tributary intersection and goes to zero at the maximum length of the effect. Tributary confluence effects can be used to help identify biological hotspots and can be combined with other attributes in the Portal. See NetMap's full online Technical Help.
The potential influences of tributaries on receiving channels are numerous and include nutrient, thermal, chemical, hydrological, and morphological effects. Depicted here are sediment-related morphological effects that can occur at confluences both upstream (referred to as “interference”) and downstream (referred to as “mixing”). Consequently confluence areas can be zones of higher morphological heterogeneity, although punctuated disturbances cause such effects to wax and wane over time throughout river networks. Post fire erosion and sedimentation creates large fans and confluence effects as shown in the Sawtooth Mountains of Idaho (A). NetMap contains a tool for evaluating the potential for confluence effects.
